In the future we must pay increased attention to discovering this knowledge for ourselves particularly since the scientific applications of the future will be more than ever dependent upon such basic knowledge. E-Book Overview. It is at this crucial juncture that Rush Holt, in his powerful introduction, renews the call for robust funding of basic research with an appeal for a fully inclusive coalition of science and society to promote a better future for all. The obligation of Government to support research on military problems is inescapable. It is important that the patent system continue to serve the country in the manner intended by the Constitution, for it has been a vital element in the industrial vigor which has distinguished this nation. Conceptualmente hablando, la Big Science estuvo y est basada en el modelo lineal del conocimiento, que fue formulado por primera vez por Vannevar Bush en su clebre informe al presidente Roosevelt, Science, the Endless Frontier (1945). Unit 2702, NUO Centre - 1. Universities may forgo the focus on quantity, and more strongly reward research quality 56 , and perhaps more fully subsidize year-long sabbaticals. It is clear that if we are to maintain the progress in medicine which has marked the last 25 years, the Government should extend financial support to basic medical research in the medical schools and in the universities, through grants both for research and for fellowships. Alert. It can be effective in the national welfare only as a member of a team, whether the conditions be peace or war. New manufacturing industries can be started and many older industries greatly strengthened and expanded if we continue to study nature's laws and apply new knowledge to practical purposes. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in . Science, the endless frontier : a report to the President, Vannevar Bush Creator Bush, Vannevar, 1890-1974 Summary This influential report described science as "a largely unexplored hinterland" that would provide the "essential key" to the economic prosperity of the post World War II years Language eng Work Publication The National Research Foundation must, therefore, be free to place its research contracts or grants not only with those institutions which have a demonstrated research capacity but also with other institutions whose latent talent or creative atmosphere affords promise of research success. To insure continued preparedness along farsighted technical lines, the research scientists of the country must be called upon to continue in peacetime some substantial portion of those types of contribution to national security which they have made so effectively during the stress of the present war * * *. The simplest and most effective way in which the Government can strengthen industrial research is to support basic research and to develop scientific talent. New products and new processes do not appear full-grown. It is chiefly in these institutions that scientists may work in an atmosphere which is relatively free from the adverse pressure of convention, prejudice, or commercial necessity. . Rights and permissions. The Members should elect their own chairman annually. This again represents the ever continuing battle of techniques. 5. . For example, the National Research Foundation should be authorized by legislation to make, modify, or amend contracts of all kinds with or without legal consideration, and without performance bonds. United States It is wholly probable that progress in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, cancer, and similar refractory diseases will be made as the result of fundamental discoveries in subjects unrelated to those diseases, and perhaps entirely unexpected by the investigator. Many of the leaders in the development of radar are scientists who before the war had been exploring the nucleus of the atom. When you select "Accept all cookies," you're agreeing to let your browser store that data on your device so that we can provide you with a better, more relevant experience. The benefits of basic research do not reach all industries equally or at the same speed. The committee advising me on scientific personnel has stated the following principle which should guide our planning: "If we were all-knowing and all-wise we might, but we think probably not, write you a plan whereby there might be selected for training, which they otherwise would not get, those who, 20 years hence, would be scientific leaders, and we might not bother about any lesser manifestations of scientific ability. BERNHARD RUST (1883 - 1945) Nazi Minister of Science, Education and National Culture. It results in general knowledge and an understanding of nature and its laws. Where will these new products come from? This general knowledge provides the means of answering a large number of important practical problems, though it may not give a complete specific answer to any one of them. The primary place for medical research is in the medical schools and universities. During the same period expenditures for scientific research in the colleges and universities increased from $20,000,000 to $31,000,000, while those in the endowed research institutes declined from $5,200,000 to $4,500,000. and instead cite the study itself. Without scientific progress the national health would deteriorate; without scientific progress we could not hope for improvement in our standard of living or for an increased number of jobs for our citizens; and without scientific progress we could not have maintained our liberties against tyranny. In the case of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, arrangements have been made for the preparation of manuscripts, while the staffs under our control are still assembled and in possession of the records, as soon as the pressure for production of results for this war has begun to relax. "Ernest J. Moniz, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and former US Secretary of Energy. Callon, M. 1986. Such impetus can come promptly only from the Government. 4. The extent of this contribution in turn depends on the creative spirit and talent which can be brought to bear within a research laboratory. Subject to the direction and supervision of the Foundation Members (acting as a board), the director should discharge all the fiscal, legal, and administrative functions of the Foundation. In his superb introductory essay for the reissue of this pioneering document, Rush Holt provides a deeply insightful discussion, not only of what Bushs blueprint achieved, but also what it missed and how this shortfall can be remedied. It can be effective in the national welfare only as a member of a team, whether the conditions be peace or war. Penicillin reached our troops in time to save countless lives because the Government coordinated and supported the program of research and development on the drug. SPEDIZIONE GRATUITA su ordini idonei Approximately 7 million persons in the United States are mentally ill; more than one-third of the hospital beds are occupied by such persons, at a cost of $175 million a year. 7. But we must proceed with caution in carrying over the methods which work in wartime to the very different conditions of peace. Princeton Asia (Beijing) Consulting Co., Ltd. In recent decades, Chinese researchers have become preeminent contributors to the scientific enterprise, as reflected by the number of publications originating from Chinese research institutions. To make contracts or grants for the conduct of research by negotiation without advertising for bids. In the Government the arrangement whereby the numerous scientific agencies form parts of larger departments has both advantages and disadvantages. We should get this scientific material to scientists everywhere with great promptness, and at as low a price as is consistent with suitable format. March 30, 2021. The release of information from security regulations is but one phase of the problem. . Holts introduction takes seriously the idea that the United States is a democracy, and that scientists have a specific role to play in that democracy, which is not the same thing as saying that scientists should control science policy. It should be arranged that the Members first appointed serve terms of such length that at least two Members are appointed each succeeding year. China's rise in science has the potential to push forward the global frontier, but mere production of knowledge does not guarantee that others are able to build on it. On the wisdom with which we bring science to bear against the problems of the coming years depends in large measure our future as a nation. The Endless Frontier: The Next 75 Years in Science. In some countries comparable increases have been accompanied by famine. Holts bold, incisive reframing of this classic text illuminates how science is embedded in, and of import to, sociopolitical concerns. "By proceeding from point to point and taking stock on the way, by giving further opportunity to those who show themselves worthy of further opportunity, by giving the most opportunity to those who show themselves continually developing -- this is the way we propose. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation. Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to science's very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government.This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. This is highly desirable in order that there may be no interruption in the relations between scientists and military men after the emergency wartime Office of Scientific Research and Development goes out of existence. Moreover, they should see that those who study overseas have the benefit of the latest scientific developments. This Report recommended that the federal government accept new responsibilities for promoting the flow of new scientific knowledge and the development of scientific talent in youth. At the same time, the teaching hospitals are especially well qualified to carry on medical research because of their close connection with the medical schools, on which they depend for staff and supervision. The decision that there should be a new and independent agency was reached by each of the committees advising in these matters. In the past we have devoted much of our best efforts to the application of such knowledge which has been discovered abroad. Other examples can be cited in which medical progress has been similarly advanced. Periodic review of the quality of research being conducted under the auspices of the particular Division and revision of the program of support of research. Science, the endless frontier. To establish scholarships and fellowships in the natural sciences including biology and medicine. As long as they are vigorous and healthy and their scientists are free to pursue the truth wherever it may lead, there will be a flow of new scientific knowledge to those who can apply it to practical problems in Government, in industry, or elsewhere. Division of National Defense. Science and the great practical genius of this nation made this achievement possible. It is estimated that an adequate program for Federal support of basic research in the colleges, universities, and research institutes and for financing important applied research in the public interest, will cost about 10 million dollars at the outset and may rise to about 50 million dollars annually when fully underway at the end of perhaps 5 years. Read full-text. After a program is under way perhaps 20 million dollars a year can be spent effectively. This is the American way; this is the way the United States has become what it is. Further progress requires that the entire front of medicine and the underlying sciences of chemistry, physics, anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, bacteriology, pathology, parasitology, etc., be broadly developed. We have devoted much of our best efforts to the application of such length that at least two are! Place for medical research is in the development of radar are scientists who before the war had been the! 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